音频采集开发指导
音频采集开发指导
简介
AudioCapturer提供了用于获取原始音频文件的方法。开发者可以通过本指导了解应用如何通过AudioCapturer接口的调用实现音频数据的采集。
- 状态检查:在进行应用开发的过程中,建议开发者通过on('stateChange')方法订阅AudioCapturer的状态变更。因为针对AudioCapturer的某些操作,仅在音频采集器在固定状态时才能执行。如果应用在音频采集器处于错误状态时执行操作,系统可能会抛出异常或生成其他未定义的行为。
运作机制
该模块提供了音频采集模块的状态变化示意图。
图1 音频采集状态变化示意图
PREPARED状态: 通过调用create()方法进入到该状态。
RUNNING状态: 正在进行音频数据播放,可以在prepared状态通过调用start()方法进入此状态,也可以在stopped状态通过调用start()方法进入此状态。
STOPPED状态: 在running状态可以通过stop()方法停止音频数据的播放。
RELEASED状态: 在prepared和stop状态,用户均可通过release()方法释放掉所有占用的硬件和软件资源,并且不会再进入到其他的任何一种状态了。
约束与限制
开发者在进行音频数据采集功能开发前,需要先对所开发的应用配置麦克风权限(ohos.permission.MICROPHONE),权限配置相关内容可参考:访问控制授权申请指导
开发指导
详细API含义可参考:音频管理API文档AudioCapturer
使用createAudioCapturer()创建一个AudioCapturer实例。
在audioCapturerOptions中设置音频采集器的相关参数。该实例可用于音频采集、控制和获取采集状态,以及注册通知回调。
import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio'; let audioStreamInfo = { samplingRate: audio.AudioSamplingRate.SAMPLE_RATE_44100, channels: audio.AudioChannel.CHANNEL_1, sampleFormat: audio.AudioSampleFormat.SAMPLE_FORMAT_S16LE, encodingType: audio.AudioEncodingType.ENCODING_TYPE_RAW } let audioCapturerInfo = { source: audio.SourceType.SOURCE_TYPE_MIC, capturerFlags: 0 // 0是音频采集器的扩展标志位,默认为0 } let audioCapturerOptions = { streamInfo: audioStreamInfo, capturerInfo: audioCapturerInfo } let audioCapturer = await audio.createAudioCapturer(audioCapturerOptions); console.log('AudioRecLog: Create audio capturer success.');
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21调用start()方法来启动/恢复采集任务。
启动完成后,采集器状态将变更为STATE_RUNNING,然后应用可以开始读取缓冲区。
import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio'; async function startCapturer() { let state = audioCapturer.state; // Capturer start时的状态应该是STATE_PREPARED、STATE_PAUSED和STATE_STOPPED之一. if (state != audio.AudioState.STATE_PREPARED || state != audio.AudioState.STATE_PAUSED || state != audio.AudioState.STATE_STOPPED) { console.info('Capturer is not in a correct state to start'); return; } await audioCapturer.start(); let state = audioCapturer.state; if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING) { console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer started'); } else { console.error('AudioRecLog: Capturer start failed'); } }
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19读取采集器的音频数据并将其转换为字节流。重复调用read()方法读取数据,直到应用准备停止采集。
参考以下示例,将采集到的数据写入文件。
import fileio from '@ohos.fileio'; let state = audioCapturer.state; // 只有状态为STATE_RUNNING的时候才可以read. if (state != audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING) { console.info('Capturer is not in a correct state to read'); return; } const path = '/data/data/.pulse_dir/capture_js.wav'; // 采集到的音频文件存储路径 let fd = fileio.openSync(path, 0o102, 0o777); if (fd !== null) { console.info('AudioRecLog: file fd created'); } else{ console.info('AudioRecLog: file fd create : FAILED'); return; } fd = fileio.openSync(path, 0o2002, 0o666); if (fd !== null) { console.info('AudioRecLog: file fd opened in append mode'); } let numBuffersToCapture = 150; // 循环写入150次 while (numBuffersToCapture) { let buffer = await audioCapturer.read(bufferSize, true); if (typeof(buffer) == undefined) { console.info('AudioRecLog: read buffer failed'); } else { let number = fileio.writeSync(fd, buffer); console.info(`AudioRecLog: data written: ${number}`); } numBuffersToCapture--; }
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36采集完成后,调用stop方法,停止录制。
async function StopCapturer() { let state = audioCapturer.state; // 只有采集器状态为STATE_RUNNING或STATE_PAUSED的时候才可以停止 if (state != audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING && state != audio.AudioState.STATE_PAUSED) { console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer is not running or paused'); return; } await audioCapturer.stop(); state = audioCapturer.state; if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_STOPPED) { console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer stopped'); } else { console.error('AudioRecLog: Capturer stop failed'); } }
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17任务结束,调用release()方法释放相关资源。
async function releaseCapturer() { let state = audioCapturer.state; // 采集器状态不是STATE_RELEASED或STATE_NEW状态,才能release if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_RELEASED || state == audio.AudioState.STATE_NEW) { console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer already released'); return; } await audioCapturer.release(); state = audioCapturer.state; if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_RELEASED) { console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer released'); } else { console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer release failed'); } }
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17(可选)获取采集器相关信息
通过以下代码,可以获取采集器的相关信息。
// 获取当前采集器状态 let state = audioCapturer.state; // 获取采集器信息 let audioCapturerInfo : audio.AuduioCapturerInfo = await audioCapturer.getCapturerInfo(); // 获取音频流信息 let audioStreamInfo : audio.AudioStreamInfo = await audioCapturer.getStreamInfo(); // 获取音频流ID let audioStreamId : number = await audioCapturer.getAudioStreamId(); // 获取纳秒形式的Unix时间戳 let audioTime : number = await audioCapturer.getAudioTime(); // 获取合理的最小缓冲区大小 let bufferSize : number = await audioCapturer.getBuffersize();
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17(可选)使用on('markReach')方法订阅采集器标记到达事件,使用off('markReach')取消订阅事件。
注册markReach监听后,当采集器采集的帧数到达设定值时,会触发回调并返回设定的值。
audioCapturer.on('markReach', (reachNumber) => { console.info('Mark reach event Received'); console.info(`The Capturer reached frame: ${reachNumber}`); }); audioCapturer.off('markReach'); // 取消markReach事件的订阅,后续将无法监听到“标记到达”事件
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6(可选)使用on('periodReach')方法订阅采集器区间标记到达事件,使用off('periodReach')取消订阅事件。
注册periodReach监听后,每当采集器采集的帧数到达设定值时,会触发回调并返回设定的值。
audioCapturer.on('periodReach', (reachNumber) => { console.info('Period reach event Received'); console.info(`In this period, the Capturer reached frame: ${reachNumber}`); }); audioCapturer.off('periodReach'); // 取消periodReach事件的订阅,后续将无法监听到“区间标记到达”事件
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6如果应用需要在采集器状态更新时进行一些操作,可以订阅该事件,当采集器状态更新时,会受到一个包含有事件类型的回调。
audioCapturer.on('stateChange', (state) => { console.info(`AudioCapturerLog: Changed State to : ${state}`) switch (state) { case audio.AudioState.STATE_PREPARED: console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------PREPARED--------------'); console.info('Audio State is : Prepared'); break; case audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING: console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------RUNNING--------------'); console.info('Audio State is : Running'); break; case audio.AudioState.STATE_STOPPED: console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------STOPPED--------------'); console.info('Audio State is : stopped'); break; case audio.AudioState.STATE_RELEASED: console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------RELEASED--------------'); console.info('Audio State is : released'); break; default: console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------INVALID--------------'); console.info('Audio State is : invalid'); break; } });
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